Stem cells in intervertebral disc regeneration–more talk than action?

Pain and lifestyle changes are common consequences of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) affect a large part the aging population. The stemness cells is exploited in field regenerative medicine as key to treat degenerative diseases. Transplanted however often face delivery survival challenges, especially tissues with naturally harsh microniche environment such disc. Recent interest secretome stem cells, cargo protected from microniche-related decay frequently present degenerating tissues, provides new means rejuvenating ailing tissues. Exosomes, type extracellular vesicles purposeful gained particular conveying cell related attributes rejuvenation, which will be discussed here context IVDD.